Topic: Conscripted, registered, or merely obliged on paper
How does Brazil mark Conscripted, registered, or merely obliged on paper?
Everyday topic
Article 143 of Brazil's constitution opens briefly: military service is obligatory under the terms of the law. The two paragraphs that follow are where the substance is. Paragraph 1 requires the armed forces to assign alternative service to those who, in peacetime and after enlisting, invoke an imperative of conscience — and the constitution itself defines what that means: one arising from religious belief or from philosophical or political conviction. Writing conscientious objection into the constitutional text, definition included, is something only Brazil does among these seven. Paragraph 2 exempts women and clergy from compulsory service in peacetime, though they remain subject to other charges. The time frame is in Article 5 of Law 4,375 of 1964: in peacetime the obligation begins on 1 January of the year the citizen turns eighteen and runs to 31 December of the year he turns forty-five; a further paragraph allows service as a volunteer from seventeen. The roll of the obligated is large; how many are actually incorporated is decided by need.
What is this topic?
Article 1 of Taiwan's Military Service Act is a single sentence — every male citizen has the duty to serve — and Article 16 sets active conscript service at one year. China's constitution calls military service an "honourable obligation". Brazil's constitution says obligatory, then lets conscientious objectors take alternative service and exempts women and clergy in peacetime. The United States is stranger: 50 U.S.C. §3802 requires men aged 18 to 26 to register, and almost nobody is ever called. Japan's constitution keeps no land, sea or air forces at all. Indonesia and India both write a duty to defend into their constitutions and have no conscription. The same phrase, and a gap that runs from a year in barracks to a single form.
Sources and dates
Dates follow local time zones, calendars, and official notices. Check the source when a date is estimated or locally variable.